Recovering the Lost World,
A Saturnian Cosmology -- Jno Cook
What this site is about.


A [Table of Contents] of all the chapters here.
A short [introduction] here.
A short [chronology] here.

For Claudia George, who said,
"Write a history of everything."

$Revision: 23.77 $
Contents of this chapter: [A Reconstruction] [A Synopsis] [Contents and Resources] [Who I am] [Why this Text is Presented] [What Others Say] [New Findings] [Change Log] [To Do Yet] [Endnotes]

".. a large planet stood above the North Pole
for a very long time."

That fact is certain; and that is what this site is about.

The planet Saturn moved on a wildly elliptical path around the Sun in the remote past, entering the Solar System at very long intervals. Some time in the last 6 to 3 million years, perhaps after passing close to Jupiter, Saturn was placed in a much closer orbit around the Sun, very near Earth. From about 5800 BC, Saturn captured and held the Earth in a sub-polar position until 3100 BC, when Earth broke away.

"The evidence of myth which points to Saturn having once occupied a position above Earth's north polar regions is voluminous. There is not a race on Earth that has not preserved at least one account which states as much. According to this evidence, Saturn occupied a central position in the north celestial regions."

"It rotated, and rotated widely; but, other than that, it was immovable. It did not rise, it did not set. It merely became brighter and more glorious each night as the Sun set. This state of affairs seems to have lasted for ages. It is the one single dictum of the ancients from which all other beliefs are derived."

-- Dwardu Cardona (1982)

What is most important about all this is the cultural and psychological reaction of the people of Earth to these events. The last 1000 years of this period (4200 BC to 3100 BC) was remembered as the "Age of the Gods" and subsequent human history has been a singular effort to regain the Paradise of that time. This period was followed by a series of adjustments in planetary orbits, many of which also had significant effects on Earth and on human history.

Humans changed after Paradise closed -- not just the rapid changes to what we would call civilization, but also the gradual achievement of a subjective consciousness. The response to this event determined how we became fully human. To say it would have happened anyway does not hold up. There could have been any number of other outcomes.

A Reconstruction

This website take Velikovsky's work as a starting point for the development of a history of antiquity which answers more questions than any other alternative cosmology. But I could never have made any sense of any of this if it were not for the elucidation provided by the writings of David Talbott, the writings of Julian Jaynes, and especially the theories developed by Wal Thornhill, Don Scott, and Anthony Peratt, which readily explains virtually all the planetary interactions in electrical terms.

This site is thus a collation of the efforts of many other people to recoup the past -- and a restatement of that work. Most of the information has been published previously. In an attempt to put it all together, I am providing a narrative text of their findings and adding what I feel is missing: a chronology, some mechanics, and an extrapolation of events not recognized by some researchers.

I collected available material and put it in order, and, when it no longer made sense, started writing. Sometimes writing corrected defects in the 'theory,' sometimes I had flashes of insight, sometimes I never found a solution. But overall, the construction of a cohesive narrative resolved every significant outstanding 'problem' which other researchers had run into, although at times it took some years to find a solution.

I did not include sources for most of the information in this text since all I am doing is remapping areas already explored by others and all of it is readily available, although scattered over many sites and books.

I should warn that the subject matter here is not any sort of accepted science narrative. It is a cosmology based on a set of reasonable starting postulates. The postulates, like those of any cosmology, are untestable. However, the established theories of physics can be applied to these and this results in an amazing concordance of information in agreement with the initial postulates, historical recollections, and observable facts. It is this which confers validity on the explication pursued here. It suggests sensible answers to questions about the history of mankind, the Earth, the Solar System, and the Universe which have remained completely unanswered by the traditional 'handed-down wisdom.' The sum total of the conclusions derived here goes much further to constitute a cohesive 'world-view' than any traditional opinions and narratives have done.

This cosmology can explain everything from the geology of the Earth to the astrophysics of the Solar system. Other people have expanded on separate facets extensively. My main interest has been to trace the origins of contemporary cultural practices. Of greatest importance, from my point of view, is that a Saturnian cosmology provides an explanation of the actions and thoughts of our ancestors and insight into our contemporary behaviour and thinking. My first concern was to provide a chronology and a mechanics (see Appendices A and B). The connecting narrative came next. [note 1]

Let me state at the outset that I have no particular axe to grind, no politics to promote, this is not a 'creationist's young earth' thesis, I do not hold to extraterrestrial interventions, I have no religious or theistic proposals to make, nor do I put stock in the 'elohim' of the Old Testament. I'll remain within accepted physics -- I will not propose new solutions to gravity or offer new 'forces' for you to consider, or have planets arbitrarily leave their orbits. And I'll use accepted dates and dating.

I started this essay in late 2001. I never meant to write as much as I did, but people asked, "So what came before 4200 BC?" That alone resulted in 4 additional chapters. And then there were minor questions on items I had never paid much attention to, like "Why was Sirius red in antiquity?", "What about the two latitudes of Babylon?", "What about the return of ten degrees promised by Isaiah to King Hezekiah?" And then, as noted directly below, I started to look at Mesoamerica.

After completing most of the narrative described in these pages in March of 2006, I came across the "Books of the Chilam Balam Of Chumayel" of the Yucatan Maya which were written shortly after the invasion by the Spanish. These were an attempt to secretly keep ancient myths and tales alive.

I was astounded to find among the texts a step-by-step rendition of the course of the 'creation of the world' dating back to long before 3100 BC, followed by an accounting of other catastrophic events. The events are described in the same detail as the parallel Egyptian and Mesopotamian 'legends' but the "Chilam Balam" provided dates which turned out to be congruent with what had already been extracted from sources in the eastern Mediterranean by others. An analysis is listed in a Chapter 16 ("The Chilam Balam"). I have started to include references to the "Chilam Balam" within the main text.

In December 2007 I started looking at Olmec and other Mesoamerican sites and the iconography from the Olmec era. Again, I was amazed that celestial events of the 7th century BC, already extracted and known from Middle Eastern sources, were clearly referenced both in the horizon alignments of the important ceremonial centers and in the iconography which came to dominate the graphic representations and all of the religious concerns of Mesoamerica and especially the later Maya.

A Synopsis

The chapters of this site will propose that the biology of our planet, our culture, our psychology, and our very existence, are the result of a series of incidents arising from the interaction between Earth and other planets within the Solar System, most notably Saturn.

The biology of Earth is such a complete accident and so utterly unlikely that it will not likely to have ever been duplicated anywhere, at any time, among the billions of other star systems. All of it, especially the rise of complex species since the Cambrian Period, 560 million years ago, can be attributed to a series of cataclysmic plasma strikes by Saturn.

We survived the last externally induced extinction events which removed eight competing sub-species over the course of the last three million years. Our only contribution to our distinction from other animals was the invention, 40,000 years ago, of language and its subsequent cultural transmission. That set the stage for further development of our 'humanity,' much later on and much closer to our time.

At one time, and from its genesis, Earth was a planet in orbit around Saturn, a brown dwarf star. At about the time of the Cambrian, the Saturnian System intersected with the Solar System. Saturn swept around the Sun, and back into deep space, to return at regular 26 to 27 million year intervals. Over the course of time, some of the satellites (planets) of Saturn were wrenched from their orbit around Saturn to end up revolving around the Sun instead. The Earth likely became a Solar System planet at the end of the Permian, 250 million years ago.

Over the next 250 million years Saturn kept entering the Solar System regularly to disturb its lost satellites now circling the Sun. At about 10 million years ago Saturn had a run-in with Jupiter, a Solar System planet orbiting the Sun at a distance probably somewhat less than the Earth's orbit today. The orbital period of Saturn was significantly reduced as a result.

During this last 10 million year period (and perhaps earlier) Saturn started scavenging its lost satellites, and perhaps Solar System planets, all in orbits close to the Sun. The possibility of a 'captured' planet again orbiting Saturn at its equator is virtually nill. Instead, the scavenged planets ended up in suprapolar and subpolar locations, the only locations which are dynamically stable, balancing gravitational attraction against electrical repulsion.

The stack of planets was seen by humans and recorded in the shapes of artifacts in the Paleolithic of about two million years ago, and as carved images in the Upper Paleolithic, from 30,000 BC, and by the hundreds of millions during the early Neolithic, 7000 to 3000 BC.

At about 11,000 or 10,000 BC, the Earth made electrical contact with Saturn, causing 1500 years of 'darkness' on Earth. The period of darkness is recognized by many of the world's creation myths, and were recorded in the illustrated glyphic books of Mesoamerica, references to which are made in Colonial period annals and documents. Climatalogically the period is identified as the Younger Dryas, when for some 1500 years Earth got as cold as it ever was.

Over the next 5000 years the orbit of Earth was progressively depressed and, between about 6000 BC and 3100 BC, Earth became part of a strange configuration of stacked planets, a condition which provided long summers and a mild climate in the northern hemisphere. Planets, including the giant Saturn, stood above the pole and close to Earth (but measured in millions of miles) and were taken by humans to be the Gods who supported them and for whose benefit they labored at agriculture and conducted trade.

Meanwhile, before Saturn lit up to achieve 'creation,' three plasmoids were seen far south of Earth for thousands of years (8300 BC to 4200 BC), connected to Saturn in the north via strands of brilliant arcs of electrons. These objects became the basis for all religion throughout the world, for they persisted in showing nightly, seasonally, and for three periods of hundreds or thousands of years. We would not know of any of this (except for mythological references), if an investigation of world-wide petroglyphs carved on mountain sides had not been undertaken by Anthony Peratt.

In about 4200 BC Saturn dropped its coma (which had obscured Saturn and its companion planets), and in effect went nova. In a mass expulsion Saturn produced its rings and a new satellite, Venus, and Saturn lit up like a sun. To the humans of Earth, who had not clearly seen the Sun for thousands of years because of the enclosing plasmasphere of Saturn, this was the start of creation, the start of time, and the first showing of 'the land' and its resident Gods, the satellites of Saturn. Saturn was called "the sun."

In 3147 BC this configuration broke apart, with the large planets moving far away from the Sun, and the smaller planets assigned to a series of overlapping 'inner' orbits. The breakup produced a stupendous flood of the waters which had been held at the north pole by the gravitational attraction of Saturn for 3000 years. Flood stories are ubiquitous, found in over 500 independent 'myths' -- all with the same coherent details. The survivors included people far inland, those living already on mountain slopes, and certainly the people of the Nile delta and northern Mesopotamia. The only recourse to a livelihood for many of the survivors was agriculture, which sprang up simultaneously in six unconnected regions of Earth.

The breakup was caused by Jupiter, which had circled the Sun as an inner planet up to that time. Jupiter was subsequently seen receding in the skies, surrounded by a coma three times the diameter of the Moon. From below its south pole extended a gigantic plasma outpouring, making it additionally look like a mountain. Above the planet were much smaller horn-like extensions. Looking like a person in a mantle, Jupiter was taken as the new God, the "younger." Jupiter retained its massive lower outpouring until it entered the asteroid belt in about 2950 BC, after which the coma changed its shape.

Soon after 3050 BC, Mars (and Mercury) appeared near Earth for about 300 years. Mars apparently overrode the Earth's orbit and was repeatedly brought into plasma contact with Earth, looking like a squat mountain which circled the Earth's polar region -- the visual effect of the rotation of the Earth. Mars was now held to be the God in charge of Earth, Horus of the Egyptians.

This lasted to about 2700 BC or 2750 BC, after which the regular visits of Mars ended, its elliptical orbit perhaps rotating away from Earth or changed somewhat with the repeated interactions with Earth. It is in the next century that people throughout the world start building pyramids in imitation of the mountain of Mars, almost simultaneously everywhere -- in Egypt, Mesopotamia, England, China, and in the Andies of South America.

We have recorded histories of all these events, especially in Mesoamerica. There are accurate descriptions of the rings and the number of satellites of Saturn, the bands and satellites of Jupiter, and the scarred surface and satellites of Mars, all dating from remote antiquity and spanning cultures worldwide. The Egyptians produced schematic images of the original configuration of Saturn and its planets, and have a record of early close passes by Mars. Mesopotamians also produced images of planets, graphically showing, for example, all the satellites of Jupiter. The Maya (from Olmec sources) have an undated record of the planetary interactions from long before 3100 BC, and a dated record of later events which matches what can be gleaned from Eastern Mediterranean sources. India has similar recollections of the events extending over millions of lines of poetry. The Quiche Maya "Popol Vuh" and pages of the Maya "Books of the Chilam Balam" makes casual references to the period of 7000 years ago. One page of the "Chilam Balam" seems to record the Saturnian planets as seen 17,000 years ago.

Over the next 2500 years (3100 BC to 685 BC) the inner planets interfere with Earth at intervals, although very infrequently. There were three major incidents. The damage generally was localized in latitude although, for example, the continuous lightning strike of ca 1500 BC encircled the globe.

As recalled by nearly all peoples, on all the continents, the most terrifying incident was one which happened in 2349 BC, when an alignment with Venus (20 million miles away), produced an Earth shock in the northern hemisphere, tilting the Earth's axis away from the Sun temporarily, and tilting up the equatorial rings of the Earth. This was followed perhaps six hours later by the arrival of a massive plasmoid lightning strike from Venus which hit the rings almost broadside, followed somewhat later by lesser bolts, recorded in Mesoamerica and China. [note 2]

The electrical contact with Venus turned the equatorial rings blood red and caused the destruction of the rings. Lightning bolts arced over from the Earth's ionosphere layers and the lower equatorial plasma toroid (the Van Allen belt). The sky bled for three days, and all but a single ring disappeared. The cleared southern skies, previously obscured by the Earth's rings, revealed a multitude of stars for the first time, most notably the Pleiades.

The equatorial plasma toroid would have also arced over to the surface of Earth, producing months of torrential hurricanes. To humanity, the sea in the south sky had collapsed to Earth, and the event was almost everywhere understood as a second flood of stupendous proportion. The Bible recalls this event as the flood of Noah. But, to most peoples, the blood seen in the sky suggested the wholesale slaughter of humanity, and any number of raging goddesses or dragons were assigned to this event in mythology worldwide -- Kali, Tiamat, Anath, Sekhmet, Hathor. The event itself remains commemorated as the "Day of the Dead," and is almost universally associated with the culmination of the Pleiades in autumn. Echos of the fall of the rings and the surrounding circumstances continue to resound to this day in mythology and, to this day, in the narratives and philosophies of many religions. Many nations also date the start of all sensible history from this event.

Eight hundred years later, in 1492 BC, Venus again made electrical contact with Earth, causing a crushing repulsive blow in the central Pacific. The Pacific islands were wiped clean of any trace of humanity, except for the petroglyphs carved on every island thousands of years earlier. Coastal South America and Central America were inundated with water, leaving sea-water traces in lakes high in the Andies, and possibly causing a sudden rise in the coastal range of the Andies by thousands of feet. The blow was followed by an electrical arc traveling through the Pacific, the Indian Ocean, part of India, and, as the Earth's axis angled toward the Sun, following a path of increasingly higher latitude into the Mediterranean. Moses made his escape from Egypt during the turmoil. The event is recalled in mythology as the attack of the monster Typhon who is struck down by Zeus. The major result of the contact was a 20 percent increase in the orbit of the Earth -- the year went from 273 days to 360 days.

Another 700 years later (806 BC to 686 BC) it was Mars and Mercury which closed in on Earth with repeated electrical arc contacts at 15 year intervals, a major Earth shock in 747 BC, and a minor shock in 686 BC. The destruction of the 8th and 7th century BC was spread over areas from central Asia to the western Mediterranean. From the Persian plateau to Greece, in swats measuring more than 600 miles from end to end, hilltop citadels were destroyed by lightning strikes and quake-like convulsions, much more extensive than any earthquake, and buried under yards of carbonized material mixed with soil. These simultaneous destructions have been noted in the archaeological record. Some six series of simultaneous incidents have been dated which includes the events of the 8th and 7th century. Bolsena (Volsinii), a city in Italy, was obliterated by a lightning bolt measuring more than 5 miles in diameter, if we are to believe Pliny, who presents this from older Etruscan sources. Mars became the next sky God and set a tone for human conduct -- lasting to this day.

Bolsene, Italy

Bolsena, Italy

The movement of tribes away from devastated areas into new regions, after about 1500 BC, resulted in an expansion of our imagination as a way of coping with the changes. Before this time there was little need to cope with change. The people of Egypt and Mesopotamia (for whom we have records) had remained stagnant in the way of life of their forbears for thousands upon thousands of years. The development of subjective consciousness (as opposed to mere consciousness) was a cultural innovation and was a major change which made us human. Subjective consciousness came to be taught to children by parents, exactly like language. The teaching of subjective consciousness (like the teaching of language) can be readily observed today. [note 3]

The change in humanity, however, which suddenly brought people up to our current expectations, happened subsequent to events of the seventh century BC. In 685 BC Venus, along with Mercury, blazed up as bright as the Sun and they were seen in the daytime skies with the Sun for forty days starting on June 15. The event was probably an extraordinary plasma output by the Sun. [note 4]

In July of 685 BC, Jupiter also flared up in response to the Sun's increased output of plasma, and on July 14 sent a return lightning stroke, a plasmoid bolt, headed for the Sun. It arrived on July 25th. The plasmoid, which was seen passing by Earth at a distance of 30 million miles, was seen in foreshortened form by Europe and Asia, and is depicted in sculptures and illustrations and even on coins. The Mediterranean nations considered that Venus was struck -- the bolt from Zeus which toppled Phaethon from the Sun's chariot. Mesoamerica saw the plasmoid at full length as it passed by in the daytime, and depicted it correspondingly differently. Their understanding was that Mars was struck.

As experienced by Earth, the after-effects of the 40 days of extreme solar activity, was a rotation of the dome of the stars, the relocation of the polar axis from Ursa Major to near Ursa Minor, and the delay of spring by some 15 days. A new equinox was suddenly established. The aphelion of the Earth's orbit (the location furthest from the Sun) changed, and 120 years of interference by Mars and Mercury came to a sudden halt. It appeared to many that God, Jupiter, the historical supreme God of antiquity, had saved mankind from destruction. The change in aphelion had resulted in a cessation of further interactions with Mars. In 670 BC the Earth's orbit became nearly circular (for unknown reasons), the Earth was in fact completely removed from any future interference by any of the inner planets.

Within 100 years of this event, we see the simultaneous rise of philosophical studies, much as we understand them today, in China, India, and Mesopotamia -- well before there was any cultural transmission between these areas. It had appeared to all as if a far greater power, beyond the dome of the stars, had moved the stars and planets. The causes for natural phenomena were now sought elsewhere than in the whims of the old planetary Gods.

With the realization of the existence of a power beyond the planets and stars, we also see the sudden rise of all the modern religions within the span of 100 years -- Taoism and Confucianism in China, Buddhism and Jainism in India with its subsequent influence on Hinduism, Zoroasterianism (Mazdaism) in Persia and its influence on Judaism, Mithraism, Christianity, and eventually on Islam. Similar changes are attested to in Mesoamerica, dating from shortly after 600 BC.

Could all this really have happened? Religions have attempted to explain all of it, initially as narrations of the observed events, eventually as metaphors of spiritual states. Science, on the other hand, has spent the last few hundred years negating that anything happened at all. But a look at the histories, what we call myths, of people from regions as diverse as Mesopotamia and Mesoamerica will reveal that they are in complete agreement with each other. Add to these the various 'myths' of the people of China, India, South America, Greece, and thousands of others, and a consistent picture of the past emerges.

Or fly over the regions of, for example, the western United States, and you will soon be convinced that the waves of hills, the conical dumps of windborn soil, the distorted mountains, and the widely varied landscape cannot possibly be the result of eons of slow movement and metamorphosis of the Earth's crust. The surface of Earth appears to have been battered and wracked convulsively, and recently.

Except for geology, which I will touch on only briefly, the remaining chapters will fill in the details and broaden the scope of all these events, ending in Chapter 20. The last few chapters present an excursion into the site plans and iconography of Mesoamerica from about 2000 BC. In these last chapters you will find that the more closely detailed findings from Mesoamerica will match and exceed the information available from the Eastern Mediterranean.

Contents and Resources

I write mostly from memory and do not always get things right. If you find errors, let me know. Questions and differing interpretations are also welcomed. I type in a hurry and my word editor is way behind. My e-mail address can be found at the bottom of this page. Tell me which chapter (and revision number) you are reading. But even the mention of a single word will help. I can find the use (or misspelling) of a single word among the 670,000 words of these texts within a second.

The [Table of Contents] outlines the narrative and lists the sub-headings within each chapter. There are twenty chapters, three appendices, and some additional files.

The narrative text can be searched for key words (See the Table of Contents).

There is a list of books and links pertaining to the Saturnian Theories.

This site also (currently) includes a collection of 4800 mirrored files lifted from the web and sorted into 140 topics. The collection can be searched with a search script located at the Table of Contents.

Who I am

I am a visual artist (sculpture, installations), living in Chicago where I teach photography. I have a background in electrical engineering, public administration, programming, and cinematography, and a curiosity dating back a lifetime. More information is available at my website [http://jnocook.net].

Why this text is presented on the internet

There is a lack of a comprehensive narrative of events among the catastrophic literature. This is a void I have been attempting to fill over the last few years, initially for my own benefit. The advantage of a web site is that it is completely malleable -- it can be easily changed, added to, corrected, and expanded, while simultaneously making the information available. The alternative of publishing in book form would delay the availability, limit distribution to a select few, and allow no updates. Also, by going public, I am forced to complete the investigation and am under pressure to make all of it coherent. Amazingly, additional details keep coming forward as the edits continue. The 'Change Log,' further below, tallies the recent additions and changes.

What Others Say

A few comments from readers, from infrequent emails.

Highlights of New Findings

I checked and verified many theories which had been proposed by others about the past. Below I have listed new findings which came out of the attempt to establish a chronology and develop a rational set of mechanics for planetary interactions. Many of these findings have remained unknown (or obscured) to other investigators. Other items listed below are well established, but tend to be avoided or negated by researchers of the catastrophic past.

I am offering this list for those readers who are already familiar with the major elements of the catastrophic literature of Velikovsky and Talbott. If this is all new to you, skip the rest of this page and proceed to the [first] chapter. Further [below] is the "Change Log," an abbreviated list of changes.

Change Log

In March 2005 I had thought that this site had mostly reached completion, but it has been under constant minor edits, and at times prone to sudden inspirational revisions. Considerable material has been added. (Some items listed as 'chapters' below are called 'appendices' and after August 2009 reverted to being labeled as 'chapters' again.)

New material is usually a simple inspiration which clarifies or substantiates statements which had previously been covered with hand-waving phrases like, "probably" and "seems likely," but also includes things I hadn't had time to think about earlier, plus rephrasings, concept corrections, and a few new data points.

Additionally, my editor Claudia George has stopped me at every mangled sentence, questioned each loosely tossed factoid, tripped me repeatedly on logic, forced me to explain every technical term ("Perihelion, what's that?"), and had me date every event from the remote past. And she can spell.

Changes and addition over the course of four years since March 2005, listing only the few years, are found below.

.. highlights for the last few years..

In January 2007 I looked through the records of the Palermo Stone, a partial Egyptian yearly record of the dynasties up to the fifth, 3050 BC to 2550 BC, for indications of travels of Mars across the Earth's orbit.

In February 2007 I traced Jupiter's travels through the asteroid belt and beyond, and matching this to its reputation up to 2200 BC.

In June 2007 I wrote up the implications of the shifts in climatic zones suggested by the Hypsithermal period.

As of September, 2007, I started to change statements and diagrams about orbital interactions, since electrical effect could fully account for all the changes in orbits.

Late in November, 2007, I calculated the earlier perihelion and aphelion of Earth and Venus, and needed to correct what I said about non-overlapping orbits.

In December, 2007, I finally localized the Earth shock of 686 BC as March 23, 686 BC, and due to Mercury. At the same time I suddenly became aware of the date of the thunderbolt of Zeus in 685 BC which the Maya "Chilam Balam" claims as July 25, Gregorian.

In January, 2008, I started to look at alignments of Mesoamerican ceremonial centers. The Olmecs were clearly aware of the Earth shock of April 19, 1492 BC (Exodus) and February 28, 747 BC. Both show up clearly, first in the oldest sites. All later (Classical era) site alignments recognize these two dates plus the alignment for July 25, 685 BC and August 12 or 13, 3114 BC. Although I had already determined these dates approximately from other sources, I was still surprised to find them recorded specifically and accurately in Mesoamerica. I adapted a QBasic computer program to resolve azimuth horizon angles of sunrises and culminations as a function of calendar dates, axial alignment, and latitude.

In March 2008, thanks to many other sources, I started to collate information on the 'flood of Noah' event in terms of the mechanics and dating. I could substantiate the related fall Pleiades festivals, noted in Mo Mandelkehr's book, from Mesoamerican alignments, and the date of the 'Flood of Noah.'

I have added the "return of the axis mundi," directly after 3147, 2349, and 1492 BC. Milton Zysman suggested this in 1994 as an extended Aurora, but it more likely represented a plasma plume.

In April 2008, I finally caught up with Anthony Peratt's second paper on the High-Current Z-Pinch Aurora in antiquity (published August 2007). This has been incorporated into the chapter on Archaeology. Although details are lacking and dates are fuzzy and inconclusive, the information comfortably fits the chronology based on archaeology which I had developed earlier. Both the "Chilam Balam" and the "Popol Vuh" recall this period, as do Vedic, Sumerian, and a number of European sources.

In April 2008, I resolved the starting date of the 685 BC Venus nova event from information of the "Popol Vuh" and mention of the time span in the "Chilam Balam," and collated this with Valley of Mexico site alignments. The "Sibylline Star Wars" text suddenly fell into place correctly.

In May, 2008, I started to determine the orbital periods of Venus and the validity of the 52 year Venus cycle, and traced the periods of the Mesoamerican 'may' from 2349 BC to the time of the Spanish invasion.

The remainder of Book 11 of the "Chilam Balam" started to fall into place in September, 2008. I had been working on this for months. Book 11 is the most obscure and opaque text I have ever encountered. But slowly the revelation came that this was a retelling of the 'first creation' of the Maya plus events from long before that. The sequence of events can be followed, in fact, from the cup and tail sightings of before 30,000 years ago, through the other celestial aspects which I had already traced in the European Upper Paleolithic (in the chapter on Archaeology), plus the information from the sighting of the Peratt Column after 8347 BC, up to the nova event of Saturn in ca 4200 BC.

It is, of course, astounding to think that an American Indian tribe possessed graphic records of events in the sky which spanned 30,000 or 40,000 years. But the source-books are mentioned in the "Popol Vuh" also, and the miseries of the 1500 year period of 10,500 to 9,000 BC (the Younger Dryas) is described extensively.

In December 2008 I again thought I was finished, having completed an analysis of the "Popol Vuh." However, the worldwide occurrence of the "celestial twins" only became comprehensible late in December, and required a few paragraphs to be added to two chapters.

In January 2009 I managed to differentiate the southern plasmoids in the "Popol Vuh".

In February 2009 I recognized a "first creation" date from texts of some Maya stelae, and realized what the Maya were talking about when they inscribed on many stelae what they had gleaned from their books, that..

"And then the past epoch ended. On 4-Ahau 8-Cumku [August 13, 3114 BC], 13 Baktuns were completed."
"On 4-Ahau 8-Cumku, was (first) seen the image of the turtle."

In the philosophy of the Maya, all events cycled through periods of time, so that the event of 13.0.0.0.0 (the "second creation") was equivalent to the event of 0.0.0.0.0 (the "first creation") -- 5200 years earlier, in 8347 BC. In fact, the date of 3114 BC, for when "the epoch ended," was added to the inscription above by an archaeologist, whereas the inscription, in that it recounts the image of the turtle, was probably meant to designate the "first creation," the year 8347 BC -- 0.0.0.0.0 on the Long Count, rather than 13.0.0.0.0.

That the predecessors of the Maya (and Olmecs) had kept tallies of years since that time, and much earlier, is certain from the contents of the "Chilam Balam" and clear from the "Popol Vuh." This sets the year for the first appearance of the Peratt column of the south.

In March 2009 I added the twins of Mithra, and Dennis Cox's landforms.

In April 2009 I added the first notes on the extinction of mega fauna, and the fact that Unas waded in blood and gore, this last representing the blood-red skies of 2349 BC, which he probably witnessed.

In May 2009, I saw from a MOTD by vd Sluijs at Thunderbolts.info that the polar plumes were detected and described by NASA. I also started adding Earth compression marks, initially from Dennis Cox's site. He has since turned his attention to the current papers on the 'meteor fall' over the Laurentide ice sheet at the start of the Younger Dryas.

In June 2009, I added instances of the three southern plasmoids from the Chinese "Shih Chi" and the Japanese "Kojiki". I determined the operation of the Maya 3x3 calculating board as a means to explain the long time spans mentioned the Book in 11 of the "Chilam Balam" as couplet kenning.

In July 2009, I added, finally, the Maya "image of the turtle", and added the face in the south, noted by Peratt in his paper.

In August 2009, I added a cause for the cessation of repulsive electrical forces, and added the excitement of the Van Allen belts as a model for the celestial cow of Egyptian lore about Hathor.

In September 2009 it became clear what the Egyptian "Nine Bows" were.

In November of 2009, I finally realized that Mercury had occupied a position between Saturn and Mars in the "Age of the Gods." This would account for the fifth planet of the "Popol Vuh," the planet behind Mars which Talbott thought to be Venus, and the close orbital association of Mars and Mercury after 3050 BC and still in the 8th and 7th century BC. This also accounts for the lower double bulges depicted in figurines during the Upper Paleolithic of approximately 17,000 to 14,000 years ago. Mercury was likely captured at about that time.

In December 2009 I finally cleaned up dates of barrows and henges, but still have cursuses undefined. The changes in form correspond to changes in the sky. Some researchers have started to relate the circles to regions of plasma streaming -- have not added this yet.

.. monthly highlights for 2010 ..

In January 2010:
- new script for monthly stats;
- The Thirteen redefined, Chapter 16 "Chilam Balam";
- Jupiter's satellite count, Chapter 16 "Chilam Balam";
- Izapa rewrite, Chapter 18 "Olmec Alignments";
- location of 1492 impact, Chapter 10 "Exodus of Moses";
- cleaned up alignments, Chapter 18 "Olmec Alignments".

I spent far too much time on Izapa, but managed to identify the five Gods responsible for creation in stela number 5.

Determined the location of the 1492 impact by actually looking at the date of the event, and after someone suggested a location adjacent to South America.

In February 2010:
- Moon and Sun and the twins, Chapter 20 "The Popol Vuh";
- The hour of the plasmoid, Chapter 12 "Start of History";
- 3147 BC diagrams, Appendix B "Celestial Mechanics";
- orbit graphics revised, Appendix B "Celestial Mechanics";
- synodic period of Mars, Chapter 15 "Maya Calendar";
- 819 day calendar rotation, Chapter 15 "Maya Calendar";
- Mars orbit, Chapter 8 "The Flood of Noah";
- Juergens Moon and Mars part 1 found again.

The hour that the plasmoid arrived was determined from an Australian aboriginal 'legend' which retells the delivery of the plasmoid, to within a range of two hours. This verified what I had assumed was seen in the Mediterranean and Mesoamerican region

I checked an ephemeris for the location of Sun and Moon on the day the twins went up in flame on July 25th. It becomes clear why the two "belong to" the Sun and Moon in the "Popol Vu".

I redid diagrams of a possible interaction between Saturn and Jupiter. And orbital graphics were revised, to reflect the very elliptical orbit of Mars, and the nearly equal orbit of Mercury.

Assumed that the synodic period of Mars, as suggested by Patten and Windsor, was correct and had remained the same since 3170 BC. I calculated the synodic periods for Mars under these conditions. That suddenly explained the curious 819 day calendar rotation of the Maya -- if some assumptions are made of the conservative application of calendar reforms.

In March 2010:
- 776 date corrected, Appendix B, "Celestial Mechanics";
- Avila and Molina quote, Chapter 10, "Exodus";
- raised beeches in far south, Chapter 10, "Exodus";
- images updated, Appendix B, "Celestial Mechanics";
- added 819 cycle note, Chapter 15, "Maya Calendar";
- corrected and expanded Beowulf note, "Career of Jupiter";
- close encounters, Appendix B, "Celestial Mechanics";
- mountain building, Appendix B, "Celestial Mechanics";
- Patten and Windsor disputed, Appendix B, "Celestial Mechanics".

Took note of Patten and Windsor's close encounters with Mars, and modified this to some extent to account for continuous thunderbolts. But I disputed aspects Patten and Windsor's analysis, which excludes any consideration of electrical effects.

In April 2010:
- Dates on barrows, Chapter 7, "The Age of the Gods";
- Wilcox on ownership, Chapter 7, "The Age of the Gods";
- excarnation, cursuses, Chapter 7, "The Age of the Gods";
- darkness of the Younger Dryas, Chapter 4, "Ice Ages";
- Nanometer size dust in the stratosphere, Chapter 4, "Ice Ages";
- Tunguska added, Chapter 4, "Ice Ages";
- Chicxulub damage measure, Chapter 4, "Ice Ages";
- Grand Canyon scar, Chapter 4, "Ice Ages";
- the Laurentide ice sheet, Chapter 4, "Ice Ages";
- the Great Lakes detonation, Chapter 4, "Ice Ages".

Nanometer dust in the stratosphere is from a recent article in Scientific American, where it is suggested that warfare between India and Pakistan would result in 10 years of dry, cold, dark climate. This notion matches the climate of the Younger Dryas.

I dropped consideration of Saturn as the cause for a 1500 years of shadow, for with nanometer dust in the stratosphere we have all that is required for a long "nuclear winter."

Details of the Tunguska Event were examined, and a determination was made that the 'impact area' is not an impact, but a cathode emmision area for a lightning bolt which struck the incoming object, which probably landed elsewhere (details of which are currently emerging). The 'exploding meteor' notion was added to offer what the consensus model for an unexplained 'impact' looks like. This event will be endlessly replayed in future analysis, and became the Establishment analog.

The scar at the Grand Canyon is presented as an example of the scale of an electrical event, along with data from Chicxulub.

The demise of the Laurentide Ice Sheet is followed up extensively, after Firestone, and the Michigan 'atomic' or 'nova event' detonation.

In May 2010:
- Great Lakes excavated, Chapter 4, "Ice Ages";
- Carolina Bays of Eyton and Parkhurst, Chapter 4, "Ice Ages";
- Davias and Gilbride mudballs, Chapter 4, "Ice Ages";
- geology of Lower Michigan, Chapter 4, "Ice Ages";
- butterfly distribution, Chapter 4, "Ice Ages";
- dropped dates for the Grand Canyon, Chapter 4, "Ice Ages".

Acquired Firestone's lurid "Cycle of Cosmic Catastrophes," Mike Baillie's "Exodus to Arthur," and EP Grondine's "Man and Impact in the Americas." All solid believers in cometary impacts.

Spent endless time trying not to seriously insult Firestone's thesis while substituting electrical and plasma causality to achieve the same results. Will need to look at the carbon products next.

In June 2010:
- Chapter 4 relabled "The Event of the Younger Dryas;"
- review of Firestone book, Chapter 4, "Younger Dryas;"
- hominids moved to Chapter 3, "Saturn and Evolution."

In July 2010:
- Details of the carbon products, Chapter 4, "Younger Dryas;"
- earlier magnetic anomalies, Chapter 4, "Younger Dryas;"
- Unas pyramid alignment corrected, Chapter 9, "The Career of Jupiter;"
- dropped the critique of Firestone book, Chapter 4, "Younger Dryas;"
- precession notes from Topper, Chapter 12, "The Seventh Century;"
- Isaiah's virgin redated, Chapter 11, "The Eight Century."

The various diverse particles and chemistry attributed without blinking to "impacts" by Firestone, West, and Warwick-Smith in their 2006 book drove me nuts. I have given up on the mass of discordant data. A critique is not apt justice for people who don't know where the Sun rises in March. I may add some of this back in later.

In August 2010:
- Jupiter's fire redated to 2150 BC, Chapter 9, "Career of Jupiter;"
- Tower of Babel better placed, Chapter 9, "Career of Jupiter;"
- career of Jupiter made coherent, Chapter 9, "Career of Jupiter;"
- Tun 9 points to 680 BC, Chapter 16, "The Chilam Balam."

I have looked at the phrase, "These things were present here when misery settled, father, in Tun 9," many times, always assuming that the scribe of the "Chilam Balam" misread the Tun number. This phrase follows the paragraph which relates the events of 685 BC. I suddenly realized that the scribe made no mistake. Tun 9 is 680 BC -- the Julian calendar year equivalent to the ephemeris year of 685 BC. Duh.

To Do Yet
or, things I may never get to

Every now and then I run into items which require corrections or additions to many chapters. That takes time, and, just to incorporate changes early, I will up-load pages of this website before the additions are complete. The following is a list of changes which are contemplated but are still to be completed.

Endnotes

Note 1 --

Ralph Juergens, "Reconciling Celestial Mechanics and Velikovskian Catastrophism," found [here], does one of the best jobs introducing interplanetary plasma.

A more recent discussion by [James Hogan] can be found here.

See also for example the following websites..

Specific to plasma theory are the following..

There are more links relevant to prior research on the [links] page.
[return to text]

Note 2 --

The date, 2349 BC, as with other dates in the text, was established by medieval and 16th century chronographers, and seems to be well supported from other data not available to them, as is true for other dates I have used. See Appendix A, "Notes on Chronology."

Date estimates in the Upper Paleolithic and Neolithic were developed from the iconography of figurines in Europe and Anatolia, supported by sequencing of these forms by others, and from corresponding climate data. See Chapter 5, "Saturn and Archaeology."
[return to text]

Note 3 --

The concept of subjective consciousness was developed by Julian Jaynes in "The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind" (1976). Subjective consciousness involves the ability to recognize yourself as seen by others -- an analog 'I' -- which is internalized and placed into the space of the imagination. This represented a new mental space based on a metaphorical displacement of the self, and had not been seen before about 1500 or 1000 BC. (The 'space' suggested here is a concept predominently defined in Indo-European languages. People in cultures based in other dominant languages have formed other equivalent solutions.)

You can look through the 'eyes' of this substitute 'I' or even observe yourself from afar in your mind. Biologically it involves separation of volition and consciousness in the speech centers of the brain. 'Memory' and 'self-awareness' are not subjective consciousness. All animals have memories, all animals are aware of themself.

Some people never achieve subjective consciousness, yet they appear fully functional. Pre-conscious people are almost indistinguishable from subjectively conscious people. Pre-subjectivly-conscious people can learn anything, including mathematics, and certainly they can joke, have emotions, and carry on convoluted dialogues with each other. However, they rely heavily on the learned admonitions of parents and authority figures ('oughts' and 'shoulds') and have difficulty with novel situations. Pre-conscious humans do not have the ability to imagine the reflective thinking of others, that is, how others might imagine them as thinking.

The concepts are more fully developed on the text pages.
[return to text]

Note 4 --

Day of the month dates for the events of 685 BC are accurately recorded in the 16th century AD Maya "Chilam Balam" as intervals. Knowing the terminal date from other sources, the starting date can be found. See Chapter 15, "The Maya Calendar," Chapter 16, "The Chilam Balam books," and Chapter 17, "The Olmec Record."
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----
Special thanks to M Signatur for suggesting the expanded synopsis.
Special thanks to N Rothstein for word editing.

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