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Cosmology Quest
Comets are not made out of water and ice; they are made out of rock.
They discharge a plasma coma due to the rapidly changing electrical
field they are moving through.
Since they spend most of their time in the outer solar system, they
acquire a charge relative to that environment. As it approaches the
Sun’s electrical field, it has to equalize its charge rapidly which
causes the discharging we see as comet tails.
The deep impact mission, which sent a probe out to impact comet Tempel
1, found the following:
1. The copper impactor generated such an energetic explosion that the
primary mission sensors were swamped
and the primary
mission of photographing the crater was unable to be carried out. (Such
a flash would be expected with a metal object approaching a highly
charged object)
*"We didn't expect the success of one part of the mission (bright
dust cloud) to affect a second part (seeing the resultant crater).
But that is part of the fun of science, to meet with the unexpected. "*
2. The impact generated finely divided dust
, something that
should be impossible due to sublimation. Dust particles must be in their
pristine state.
3. Photographs
of the surface showed sharp relief, a rocky appearance, and impact
craters with no clearly defined ice, not a dirty half melted snowball.
4. 1400K degree
plasma plumes with organics in the spectrum (that's some damn hot ice).
5. Massive changes
in the spectrum compared to before and after impact (something
completely unexpected from a melting snowball).
6. "Dust jets" (they are
really plasma plumes) on the dark side of the comet.
7. *And then there is the fact that at best only 0.5% of the surface
could be claimed to be ice
.*
- and even that's a stretch in my opinion.
*"Since the visible images have a higher spatial resolution, we use
those images to calculate the extent of ice on Tempel 1's surface.
That turns out to be a small fraction of the surface, only 0.5%. "*
*"What is significant is that the extent of this ice on Tempel 1's
surface is not sufficient to produce the observed abundance of water
and its by-products in the comet's coma. "*
A few more quotes
from the Deep Impact scientists commenting on the impact event data:
*"Theories about the volatile layers (water ice) below the surface
of short-period comets are going to have to be revised" *
**
*"All we needed was a factor of three boost from the impact to get a
definite detection," said Qi. "We didn't see that." *
**
*"It's pretty clear that this event did not produce a gusher," said
SWAS principal investigator Gary Melnick of the Harvard-Smithsonian
Center for Astrophysics (CfA). "The more optimistic predictions for
water output from the impact haven't materialized, at least not yet."*
Some more :
*"There's a lot of structure on the comet, which is a bit
surprising," Richardson said. "That could mean there's some strength
to the comet."*
Here is a picture of the actual impact. I want you to keep in mind that
the 850 lbs copper impactor that is striking the comet is basically an
invisible spec in these images. It's so tiny against the huge comet
that you can't even see it. As one scientist put it, "Its like a
mosquito hitting a 747." The nucleus is estimated to be about 5
kilometers (3.1 miles) across and 7 (4.3 miles) kilometers tall. The
detonation of the impactor is tremendous. Far greater than any model
predicted (well not exactly... the electric model predicted it
correctly). The impact event actually created a double flash
. Two explosions
took place; again, something correctly */PREDICTED/* by the electric
comet theorists. In fact all of the above observations were correctly
*/PREDICTED
/*
by electric comet theorists. The double flash was created by
an electrical discharge between the copper impactor and the comet, then
the impact itself produced a flash.
NASA/UM M. F. A'Hearn et al., /Science/ 310, 258 (2005)
Other comets have also displayed intense brightening at distances too
far from the sun to be attributed to melting and a host of other
phenomina not explainable by sublimation such as xray emission
and filamented tails .
Here's a perfect example
of filamentation that is completely unexplainable in the standard model.
Comet C/2007 N3 Lulin (negative luminance) - J. Brimacombe
Spectral images of other comet nucleui have turned up no evidence of any
water ice at all
.
*"Past efforts with the near-IR spectrometer on Deep Space 1 mission
flying past comet Borrelly and from the ground of comets far from
the sun and not enshrouded with coma, have yielded no evidence of
water ice on their surface."*
An article
in New Scientist further calls the "melting snowball" theory into question:
/A space telescope that usually studies the most powerful explosions
in the universe has set its sights on an approaching comet. Its
observations at ultraviolet and X-ray wavelengths should help reveal
the comet's composition and 3D structure./
X-ray emissions? That's quite the snowball. I didn't know melting ice
was capable of producing x-ray emissions violent enough to be studied by
x-ray telescopes. I guess we can stop going to hospitals for x-rays and
just pick up some ice from the local gas station now.
An image of comet Lulin in the x-ray spectrum:
(Image: NASA/Swift/U of Leicester/DSS/STScI/ AURUA/Bodewits et al.)
In fact every single piece of evidence ever found pertaining to comets
goes against the dirty snowball theory. I could probably rattle off
about 20 or 30 observational findings refuting the dirty snowball theory.
Wal Thornhill and Dave Talbot gave a reviewed presentation at the IEEE
ICOPS on the subject of electric comets which can be found here:
The Electric Comet
Thorhill, Talbot, Poster Presentation, IEEE 33rd ICOPS, Traverse City
Michigan, June 4-8 2006
Oh, I almost forgot. Comet brightness is linked to sunspots. Yet
another electrical connection between comets and the Sun's electrical
field. Again, totaly unexplained in the standard dirty snowball model.
M. J. Bosler, "Sur les variations d'éclat de la comète d'Encke et la
période des taches solaires"(1909) Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des
séances de l'Académie des sciences, 1909 (T. 148). Chart: page 1740
*Top curve, dotted:* Comet brightness
*Bottom curve, solid*: Number of sunspots.
But since seeing is believing; here’s some photographs of asteroids and
comets.
Guess which one is which.
image credits to NASA
Hey but I'm not done!
Check out the predictions made about the deep impact missions here:
http://www.thunderbolts.info/tpod/2005/arch05/050704predictions.htm
Then let your jaw hit the floor when you realize a bunch of electrical
engineers nailed it.
How about some more articles on the stupendous effects of comets from
the Thunderbolts team:
Another “Deep Impact” Surprise
Cometary Knots
Comet Holmes 17P Startles Astronomers
Comet Neat and CME's
Comet X-rays
Comet Schwassmann-Wachmann 3 Disintegrates
Comet Schwassman-Wachmann 3 Disintegrates (2)
Comets, Gravity, and Electricity
Comet McNaught Modulates the Solar Wind
Comets: The Loose Thread
"D-day" for Comet Theory
Deep Impact
Deep Impact—First Impressions
Deep Impact and Shoemaker-Levy 9
Deep Impact—The Smoking Guns?
Deep Impact—Where’s the Water? (1)
Deep Impact—Where’s the Water? (2)
Deep Impact—Where’s the Water? (3)
Electric Comet
Electric Comets and the "Domino Effect"
Fantastic Phobos
Interim Report on Deep Impact
Mountains of Creation Create a Comet
Paradigm Lockout, Paradigm Paralysis?
Predictions on “Deep Impact”
Reconsidering Comet Wild 2
“Stardust” Shatters Comet Theory
Stardust Shatters Comet Theory (2)
Stardust Shatters Comet Theory (3)
The Chicago Fire (2)
The Chicago Fire (3)
The Comet and the Chicago Fire (1)
The Comet and the Future of Science
The Explosive Demise of Comet Linear
The Jets of Comet Wild 2
The Jets of Hale-Bopp
The Meaning of Deep Impact
The Missing Water of Comet Tempel 1
What's in a Comet's Tail?
When Asteroids Become Comets
When Comets Break Apart
How about some more published articles on the subject of electric comets:
Tail structure farr from the head of Comet Kohoutek. I
Icarus Volume 23, Issue 4, December 1974, Pages 601-610
The generation of magnetic fields and electric currents in cometary
plasma tails
Icarus Volume 29, Issue 1, September 1976, Pages 147-151
Possible Mechanism of Cometary Outbursts
Minor Bodies in the Outer Solar System: Proceedings of the ESO Workshop
Held at Garching, Germany, 2-5 November 1998, ESO ASTROPHYSICS SYMPOSIA.
ISBN 3-540-41152-6. Edited by A. Fitzsimmons, D. Jewitt, and R.M. West.
Springer-Verlag, 2000, p. 177
On the theory of comet tails
Alfven, H., (1957) Tellus, 9, 92
I also know where Earth's water came from, but that's another story.
It sure as heck didn't come from comets.