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The Canaanite Gods
_________________________________________________________________

___Biblical Beginnings in Canaan_

___Anthology_

___El _
__
_The Canaanite God "El"_
________________________________________________________________

___The Mighty Bronze Age Empire_

___- John Fulton, "[23]A New Chronology - Synopsis of David Rohl's book 'A
Test of Time'"_

___"In 1964, Dr. Paolo Matthiae, professor of Near East archaeology
at the University of Rome began to excavate Tell Mardikh in
north-western Syria [forty kilometers south of Aleppo]. It soon
became clear that they were excavating the ruins of the ancient
city of Ebla. In 1975, as the dig progressed down to Early Bronze
Age levels, a remarkable find was made in the form of nearly 20,000
clay tablets which constituted the royal archives of the city.
These tablets date back to the middle of the 3rd millenium BC,
almost 4,500 years ago. They are written in Sumerian wedge-shaped
cuneiform script which is the world's oldest known written
language. Deciphering these tablets, Professor Pettinato, also of
the University of Rome, found the language used to be what he
called Old Canaanite' even though the script was cuneiform
Sumerian. This very ancient language is closer in vocabulary and
grammar to biblical Hebrew than any other Canaanite dialect',
including Ugaritic; this therefore gives evidence as to the age of
the Hebrew language."_
________________________________________________________________

___- Magnus Magnusson, BC - The Archaeology of the Bible Lands_

___"The documents "reveal the existence of a mighty Canaanite
empire in Syria that also embraced Palestine around 2400 BC which
no one had suspected before; its capital was at Tell Mardikh - an
ancient, all-but-forgotten city called Ebla."_
________________________________________________________________

___- John Fulton, "[24]A New Chronology - Synopsis of David Rohl's book 'A
Test of Time'"_

___"The city was a large one of 260,000 inhabitants; it traded
widely over the known world at that time. A flourishing
civilisation existed with many skilled craftsmen in metals,
textiles, ceramics, and woodwork. It existed 1,000 years before
David and Solomon and was destroyed by the Akkadians (Babylonians
?) in around 1600 BC._
__
_Note : The author made here an error because the Accadian empire
was conquered in the 18th century BC. by the Babylonians.---_
________________________________________________________________

___- Magnus Magnusson, BC - The Archaeology of the Bible Lands_

___"Amongst the hundreds of place names in the commercial and
diplomatic texts, of special interest to Biblical scholars are
references to places and vassal cities in Palestine like Hazor,
Gaza, Lachish, Megiddo, Akko, Sinai, and even Jerusalem itself
(Urusalima)._
__
_Note : Here we can find prove that Jerusalem was originally not a
Jewish city and already existed for about 700 years before David
conquered the city about 1050 BC.---_
__
_"But perhaps the most intriguing names are those personal names
which also appear in the Bible; names from the 'Patriarchal Age'
like Ab-ra-mu (Abraham), E-sa-um (Esau), Ish-ma-ilu (Ishmael), even
Is-ra-ilu (Israel), and from later periods, names like Da-'u'dum
(David) and Sa-'u-lum (Saul). The most tantalizing adumbration is
the name of Ebrum (Biblical Eber), third and greatest of the six
kings of the Ebla dynasty between 2400 and 2250 BC. He seems to
have been placed on the throne of Ebla by Sargon the Great of Akkad
after a punitive expedition in which Ebla was subjugated. But after
Sargon died (c.2310 BC), Ebrum turned the tables on Akkad and
reduced its cities to vassalage in turn. It was not until 2250 that
Sargon's grandson, Narum-Sin of Akkad, was able to throw off the
yoke of Ebla by conquering the city and putting it to the torch."_
__
_"It may be pure coincidence that this powerful king of Ebla, King
Ebrum, should have had the same name as Eber, from whom the Hebrews
traced their descent....(coincidentally, Arab historians have
traditionally dated Abraham to c.2300 BC)."_
________________________________________________________________

___- John Fulton, "[25]A New Chronology - Synopsis of David Rohl's book 'A
Test of Time'"_

___"Tablet 1860 names the five cities of Genesis 14:2 in the same
order, i.e. Sodom, Gomorrah, Admah, Zeboiim and Zoar. Up until the
discovery of the Ebla tablets, the existence of these biblical
cities was questioned; yet, here they are mentioned as trade
partners of Ebla. This record predates the great catastrophy
involving Lot when Sodom and Gomorrah were destroyed._
__
_"Also included in the archive are very early Canaanite creation
and flood stories which very closely resemble that of the Bible."_
________________________________________________________________

___- John Romer, Testament_

___"...The rich coastal city of Ugarit [destroyed in 1200
BC]...traded widely throughout the Fertile Crescent and across the
Mediterranean....Ugarit's accountants used a twenty-six letter
cuneiform alphabet, an invention that would take writing out of the
atmosphere of the ancient temples, away from the sacred obscurities
of pictographs into a secular, demotic script which people of many
different nations could easily adapt. This was a direct forerunner
of modern Western alphabets as well as biblical Hebrew."_
__
_"Its literature was Canaanite and it is the traditions of that
society that influenced the Old Testament. Even so, the scribes of
Ugarit well knew of the city Jerusalem and its nearby holy Mount
Zion; for the hill was known by that same name, which in Ugaritic
Canaanite means 'the seat of a god'._
__
_Many Old Testament characters, too, have typically Canaanite
names: Absalom and Solomon even hold in them the name of the
Canaanite god of the evening star, Solom, just as does the name of
Jerusalem itself. That numerous biblical terms for the articles of
daily life, for clothes, perfumes and furniture were also Ugaritic,
emphasizes the fact that this influence was not only linguistic but
extended into the paraphernalia of daily life."_
________________________________________________________________

___- Ninian Smart, The Religious Experience of Mankind_

___"According to the Biblical narrative, the migration into Canaan
[of the Hebrew tribes] was led by Abraham, who came from the region
of Haran that lies in the angle of the Euphrates northeast of
Syria. There is good evidence that this was his ancestral home;
archaeological findings have confirmed that customs presupposed in
Genesis existed in this area. It is also recorded that Abraham
moved to Haran from Ur in Chaldea, where he had settled; his move
that may reflect the fact that in the nineteenth century B.C., Ur
was destroyed by invading Elamites....Abraham's religion, so far as
we can tell, centered on his belief in a god whom he called
El-Shaddai, 'Divinity of the Mountains'. There is evidence that his
tribe also venerated ancestral images."_
________________________________________________________________

___- The Israelites_

___Although the Bible refers "Ur of the Chaldeas", the Chaldean
kingdom did not exist until many centuries after Abraham, but was
contemporaneous with the date when Genesis was set down in writing._
__
_"One chapter of Genesis recounts that the god commanded Abraham to
slay his son Isaac, then eight years old, but stayed Abraham's hand
at the last moment and asked him to slaughter a ram instead.
Religious interpretations explain the episode as a test of
Abraham's faith. But some scholars see the story as evidence that
human sacrifice as a religious practice was not beyond the
patriarchs' acceptance. It is known that the Canaanites of the
Second Millennium BC did follow the custom (although it apparently
was waning), because excavations a shrine near the city of Gezer
have yielded clay jars containing the charred bones of babies."_
________________________________________________________________

___Background on the Old Testament_

___- Clement of Alexandra (150-215 C.E.) , Miscellanies_

___As for the scholars whom have spent much time as to when the
various books of the Old Testament were written, and who the
writers were, its interesting to note the numerous theories that
have burst forth and instead of trying to find verifiable evidence
to prove credibility for those beliefs have instead sought after a
following of credulous peers and subordinates._
__
_Some have stated that it is hard to date the writings because of
the long period of time that has transpired since the works were
composed and compiled; and that they 'may' have undergone
innumerable changes as the result of "editors" and/or "copyists"
over the years. Yet some have no problems in stating that the works
were someone's whimsical attempt to glorify the Israelites and was
made up around the tenth century BC. Many of these scholars have
overlooked the history of the Scriptures and seem to ignore that
their present form came into being only two thousand four hundred
years ago; and that these works of history and prophesy are
condensed from what were much larger works of the Israelites that
were lost between the second and forth centuries CE. From this
period the changes in the scriptures are well recorded or known to
us, however the original works from which they came hopefully are
safe somewhere still, that we may find them and be able to settle
the disputes and throw away the erroneous theories._
__
___"At that time Jorobabel, having by his wisdom overcame his
opponents, and obtained leave from Darius for the rebuilding of
Jerusalem, returned with Ezra to his native land, and by him
inspired oracles were effected; and the Passover of the deliverance
celebrated, and marriage with aliens dissolved."_
________________________________________________________________

___- Rev. Robert Palmer (private correspondence)_

___Later in his book he (Clement of Alexandria) mentions that the
historian Philadelphus, writing on the origins of the Greek
translations of the Old Testament, stated that the Scriptures had
perished during the captivity of the Jews while in Babylon. And
that at the time of Artxerxes king of the Persians, that Ezra the
Levite priest having become inspired in the exercise of prophesy
then restored again the whole of the ancient Scriptures._
__
_So Ezra compiled and catalogued the books of the Israelite
writings from sources from Persia to Egypt; and through his
research wrote the books containing his peoples histories and the
writings of the prophets (much of the histories were contained in
the body of the prophetic works), quoting as much as he was
inspired; he included their genealogy and his commentary in the
Scriptures. This is evidenced as one reads through the various
books; of Genesis; Exodus; Numbers; Joshua; Judges; Samuel; Kings;
Chronicles: and the prophets (especially Isaiah)._
__
_The list of books used to put together the scriptures are
mentioned in many places. For convenience I will list them here:_

__
_The book of the beginnings;_

__
_The books of Eden; _

__
_The acts of the Patriarchs; _

__
_The acts of Moses; _

__
_The book of the laws given to Moses (Joshua 23:6);_

__
_The book of Numbers; _

__
_The book of Wars of the Lord (Numbers 21:14); _

__
_The book of Jashar, the upright (Joshua 10:13, II Samuel 1:18); _

__
_The acts of Joshua; _

__
_The oracles of Balaam (Numbers 23:24); _

__
_The books of the Judges of Israel (a separate one for each judge);_

__
_The words and deeds of Samuel the seer (I Chronicles 29:29); _

__
_The acts of David (I Chronicles 27:24), which the Psalms were
found; _

__
_The words of the days of Nathan the seer (I Chronicles 29:29; _

__
_The words of the days of Gad the seer (I Chronicles 2:29); _

__
_The acts of Solomon (II Chronicles 9:29), _

__
_which contained the song of Solomon, the proverbs and
ecclesiastics: _

__
_The prophesy of Ahi'zah (II Chronicles 9:29); _

__
_The visions of Iddo (II Chronicles 9:29); _

__
_The words of the days of Iddo (II Chronicles 13:22);_

__
_The words of the days of Shemai'ah (Samaria (II Chronicles 12:15); _

__
_The words of the days of Jehu the seer, son of Hana'ni (II
Chronicles 20:34); _

__
_The words of the days of Isaiah the prophet, son of Amos (II
Chronicles 26:20); _

__
_Commentary on the writings of the Kings (II chronicles 24:27); _

__
_The words of the days of the seers (II Kings 21:17); _

__
_The writings of the days of the kings of Judah (by Jehu);_

__
_The writings of the kings of Israel (by Jehu)._

_____There are some other sources as well, but due to wars throughout
the near and Middle East within the last two thousand years, many of
these have been lost or destroyed to a point that when found does not
make much sense....There were several non Hebrew historians that
mention times for the best known of the kings and some others, but
these works have rarely been found wholly intact. The early church
fathers in Alexandra did however, in a lot of their writings included
quotations from authors of quite a few works that were a part of the
famed Library there in Egypt. What we know about the sources that Ezra
used is that these works have been shown to contain words and phrases
that originated or were common use in four distinct time periods;
these are the 24th to 22nd, 14th, 10th, and 5th centuries BC. The fact
that the Scriptures contain words and phrases of ancient origin which
in surrounding cultures had been discontinued shows continuity of
understanding of the language of which the text was written to be from
those times, not of a more recent period and not some concoction._
__
_Looking into the Babylonian writings of the sixth and seventh
centuries BC., it appears that this culture had a imperfect knowledge
of Jewish Scriptures as well as the people themselves due to the loss
of the sacred writings upon their captivity, but this did not stop the
Babylonians from trying to copy the tales of Jewish people. The
tradition of every male of Israel to keep a verse of the sacred
writings with them stems in memory of the total loss of their most
precious heritage when lead into exile._
__
_One of the last items faced concerning the Scriptures is of more
recent origin and may account for the vast majority of the linguistic
problems that occur. I refer to the reworking of the Hebrew language
by the Masorites and Tiberians, between the 6th to 12th centuries CE.
The Masorites were responsible for many of the alterations in the
vowels and definitions of the Hebrew words. In that the language had
not been a spoken one for at least a hundred years before their
endeavor, and not until 1948 was it brought back to life again after
not being spoken for nearly 1600 years. This is one reason why
meanings of a number of words are unknown thus making it difficult for
the modern scholar to rely solely on the Hebrew version as the last
authority. This is why the tablets from Ebla are still important as
the language is akin to the Hebrew and can give us a clearer
understanding of 'uncertain' words._
___________________________________________________________________

___The Assembly of Gods_

___- Paul Trejo_

___"...Genesis is in two parts: 1:1 - 11:9 is the first part, and is
probably Babylonian in origin, since it ends with the founding of
Babylon. The second part, 11:10 - 50:9 is probably Arabian in origin,
since it focuses on desert tribes, and their God, El. El is the most
common Babylonian-Syrian-Arabian name for God."_
___________________________________________________________________

___- John Gray, Near Eastern Mythology_

___"The Canaanites evidently knew nothing of the elaborate pantheon
and cosmogony of the Mesopotamians, which probably reflects the
relative simplicity of their lives. Their interest was to correlate
and explain the various forces of nature and society in all the
complexity of harmony and tension, but to declare their dependence on
the gods and to placate them"_
__
_"Corresponding to Anu in Mesopotamia, the king paramount in the
celestial court was El ('God'), who give his sanction to all decisions
among the gods affecting nature and society. He is father of the
divine family and president of the [26]divine assembly on the 'mount
of assembly', the equivalent of Hebrew har mo'ed, which became through
the Greek transliteration Armageddon. In Canaanite mythology he is
known as 'the Bull', symbolizing his strength and creative force, and
is probably represented in the elderly god who is blessing a
worshipper on a limestone sculpture from Ras Shara. In the myths he is
termed bny bnwt, which might mean 'Creator of Created Things', but
which we take to mean 'Giver of Potency', according to his role in two
royal legends from Ras Shamra, but he is generally depicted as sitting
aloof and indeed remote, enthroned at 'the outflowing of the (two)
streams'. This recalls the Biblical [27]Garden of Eden, from which a
river flowed to form the four rivers, Tigris, Euphrates, Gihon and
Pishon."_
__
_Note : The Babylonian God Anu was in my opinion the same as the
Sumerian God An. His son, Enlil, was the God called El (the Moslem God
Allah). See also [28]chapter 8 and [29]chapter 9 of my book.---_
___________________________________________________________________

___- Magnus Magnusson, BC - The Archaeology of the Bible Lands_

_"Thou givest them water from the flowing stream of thy delights (gan
'eden, the Garden of Eden.)

For with thee is the fountain of life."_

- Psalm 36:9

___El "was known as the Creator God, the Kindly One, the Compassionate
One. He expressed the concept of ordered government and social
justice. It is noteworthy that the Bible never stigmatizes the
Canaanite worship of El, whose authority in social affairs was
recognized by the Patriarchs. His consort was [30]Asherah, the mother
goddess, represented in Canaanite sanctuaries by a natural or stylized
tree (Hebrew ashera)._
___________________________________________________________________

___- John Gray, Near Eastern Mythology_

___In Canaan, the king "is described as 'the Servant of El', as King
David was 'the Servant of God'. This describes the status of the king
as the executive of the will of the divine king. This duty is
understood to be a privilege as well as a burden."_
___________________________________________________________________

___- Magnus Magnusson, BC - The Archaeology of the Bible Lands_

___"All names like Ishmael, Michael and Israel are theophoric in form
- that is to say, the suffix element (-ilu or -el) represents a divine
name, in this case the paramount god El. But during the reign of
[31]Ebrum, Dr Pettinato noted a change in the theophoric element, from
-el to -ya(w), so that Mi-ka-ilu became Mi-ka-ya(w) and so on. It is
quite clear that both of the endings are divine names, either names of
gods or words simply meaning 'god'; so it looks as if Ebrum made some
major alteration in the religion of Ebla at this time. Whether -ya(w)
is related to the Biblical [32]Yahweh, the one God of Israel whose
name replace the earlier form of El, is a matter for debate..."_
___________________________________________________________________

___- John Gray, Near Eastern Mythology_

___"We sometimes find the most surprising survival of Canaanite
mythology in monotheistic Israel. An example is the conception of God
as president of a court of the gods, bene'el, whether thought of as a
divine guild or as the divine family, 'el here of course of a proper
name, El (God) the King Paramount. The psalm in Deuteronomy 32 begins
by rating Israel for her lapses from the faith and ends with the
assurance of the destruction of her enemies. The history of Israel is
depicted as originating in the apportionment of Israel to her God
Yahweh by the Most High in the assembly of 'the sons of El' (so the
ancient Greek version for the meaningless Hebrew 'the sons of Israel',
a desperate effort to avoid embarrassment). The date of this poem is a
matter of dispute. The condemnation of Israel's gross apostasy, the
statement of the divine chastisement and particularly the assurance of
relief and the affliction of her enemies is reminiscent of the
framework of the narratives of the great Judges in Judges 3:7-12:6,
which may be dated c. 900 B.C. Deuteronomy 32:8 f then represents the
first stage of the Israelite adaptation of the conception of God's
presidency of the divine court from Canaanite mythology. The
conception of God simply as first among divine peers was not one with
which Israel could remain long content, and was soon countered by the
specific rebuke of the divine court."_
___________________________________________________________________

___- John Gray, Near Eastern Mythology_

__
_"God has taken His place in the assembly of the gods (lit. 'sons of
El'),_

__
_He declares His judgment among the gods: '_

__
_How long will you give crooked judgment,_

__
_and favor the wicked?_

__
_You ought to sustain the case of the weak and the orphan;_

__
_You ought to vindicate the destitute and down-trodden_

__
_You ought to rescue the weak and the poor,_

__
_To deliver them from the power of the wicked_

__
_You (Hebrew 'they') walk in darkness_

__
_While all earth's foundations are giving away._

__
_I declare 'Gods you may be,_

__
_Sons of the Most high, all of you;_

__
_Yet you shall die as men,_

__
_You shall fall as one of the bright ones."_

__
_- Psalm 82:1-7_

___"In the final line we read sharim for sarim ('princes'), from which
it is indistinguishable in the Hebrew manuscripts, and find another
reference to the fall of [33]Athtar the bright Venus star in Isaiah
14:12 and in the myth of [34]Baal."_
___________________________________________________________________

___Yahweh, the God of Israel_

___- Bible Lands_

___"In the Middle Bronze age, groups of Canaanites moved into northern
Egypt and established a local dynasty called the [35]Hyksos, who
eventually took over the whole of Egypt. Only in the Late Bronze Age,
in about 1550 BC, did the Egyptian pharaohs expel the Hyksos, launch a
military campaign against Canaan, and bring it under Egyptian control.
Egypt imposed heavy taxes on Canaan, but in return the Canaanite
cities gained security and better access to international markets. In
the reign of Ramses II (1304-1237 BC), the empire was reorganized. Key
strategic cities like Beth Shan and Gaza were strengthened, others
were allowed to decline. Many people were made homeless and migrated
to the Judean hill country, where they established small farming
settlements. These dispossessed Canaanites, known to the Egyptians as
Hapiru (or Hebrews), formed the basis of what was to become Israel."_
___________________________________________________________________

___- Bryant G. Wood of [36]Associates for Biblical Research, "The Merneptah
Stela"_

___"...A popular theory among Biblical scholars today is that Israel
emerged from peoples indigenous to Canaan in the mid 12th century BC.
If this is true, then Biblical history and chronology prior to ca.
1150 BC would have to be jettisoned. Proponents of the '12th century
emergence theory' maintain that the Israelites did not come into
Canaan from outside to conquer the land around 1400 BC, as the Bible
indicates. The emergence scenario would also reject the historicity of
the Wilderness Wanderings, [37]Exodus, Egyptian Sojourn and the
Patriarchal narratives. However, if Israel were an established entity
in Canaan already in 1210 BC, as the [38]Merneptah Stela implies, then
the 12th century emergence theory would be refuted (Bimson 1991,
'Merenptah's Israel and recent Theories of Israelite Origins'. Journal
for the Study of the Old Testament 49: 3-29). If Israel was well
established by the end of the 13th century, it could not have come
into being in the middle of the next century."_
___________________________________________________________________

_____- John Rogerson and Philip Davies, The Old Testament World_

___"....Israel was initially an association of villages in the Bethel
and Samaria hills from about 1230 BC. This group of people possessed
oral traditions about a common ancestor, Jacob, and stories about the
struggles of tribal leaders with Canaanite cities (cp. Genesis 34,
Judges 4-5 and 9, and possibly Joshua 9 and 12). The villages may also
have been united by faith in Yahweh, who had delivered the ancestors
of some of those now settled in Canaan from slavery in Egypt. Among
these people there was probably a group who were custodians of the
stories about the Exodus and who observed the Passover. Judah was a
separate entity with traditions about an ancestor, Abraham, who had
settled in the Hebron area, and traditions about tribal leaders who
had fought against Canaanite cities (cp. Judges 1: 11-17, and possibly
Joshua 10). We are not suggesting that the traditions as now written
down in the Old Testament are identical with their oral form or
content in the period 1230 to 1050 BC."_
___________________________________________________________________

___- Great Events of Bible Times_

___The Protoindo European god Yayash, Yaë or Yave, a protective god
whose symbol was a tree, signifying possibly '"walking", "going", "a
pilgrim", has been dated back to the Indus River valley, circa 2900
BC. He has been identified with the Turko Syrian Yahveh, a "sacred
animal or organization"._
__
_"Yahweh appears to have been originally a sky god - a god of thunder
and lightning. He was associated with mountains and was called by the
enemies of Israel 'a god of the hills'. His manifestation was often as
fire, as at Mount Sinai and in the burning bush."_
__
_"A shorter form, 'Yah', was also used (Exodus 15:2) and some scholars
believe that this is the older form, originating in an exclamation to
God - 'Yah!' - which came to be accepted as the divine name. Others
claim that it is from the root 'hayah', 'to be' or 'to become', and
that it meant 'I am that I am' or I will be that I will be'. According
to one tradition of the call of [39]Moses, the divine name Yahweh was
revealed to him in Egypt:"_
___________________________________________________________________

___- Sir James Frazer, The Golden Bough_

___"To Abraham, Isaac and Jacob I appeared as El Shaddai, but I did
not make the name Yahweh known to them'."_
__
_- Exodus 6:3_
__
___"Every Egyptian magician...believed that he who possessed the true
name possessed the very being of god or man, and could force even a
deity to obey him as a slave obeys his master. Thus the art of the
magician consisted in obtaining from the gods a revelation of their
sacred names, and he left no stone unturned to accomplish his end."_
___________________________________________________________________

___- Graham Hancock, The Sign and the Seal_

___"God instructed Moses that he should return to Egypt in order to
lead his people out of their bondage there. Before agreeing, however,
the prophet asked the name of the strange and powerful being who had
addressed him ['in a flame of fire out of the midst of a bush']....The
Lord, however did not respond directly to the prophet's question.
Instead he replied briefly and enigmatically with these words: "I AM
WHO I AM'. By way of further clarification he then added: 'I am the
God of thy father, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac and the God of
Jacob' [Exodus 3:14 and 3:6]."_
___________________________________________________________________

___- Marshall Cavendish, Genesis & Exodus_

___"To the Hebrew mind the 'name' stands for 'nature', and in answer
to Moses' plea to be given an immediate sight of God, God promises to
reveal just as much of his 'nature' that mortal man could bear."_
___________________________________________________________________

___- Magnus Magnusson, BC - The Archaeology of the Bible Lands_

___In Exodus "God was no longer simply 'El' (plural 'Elohim'), but
YHWH ('I am that I am'), which in the Authorized Version was
transliterated as 'Jehovah' by combining the Hebrew consonants and the
vowels of the Hebrew word for 'Lord' when excessive reverence had made
later Jews reluctant to pronounce the divine name itself, nowadays
called Yahweh. The covenant with Yahweh elevated the concept of
worship from a hopeful appeasement of the willful and haphazard forces
of nature to a dynamic and determined arrangement with none other than
the sole creator of the universe."_
___________________________________________________________________

___- Laurence Gardner, Bloodline of the Holy Grail, p. 18_

___"Originally, these four consonants [in YHWH] represented the four
members of the Heavenly Family: Y represented El the Father; H was
Asherah the Mother; W corresponded to He the Son; and H was the
Daughter Anath."_
___________________________________________________________________

___- Great Events of Bible Times_

___"When all the people witnessed the thunder and lighting, the sound
of the trumpet, and the mountain smoking, they were afraid and
trembled and stood at a distance..."_
__
_- Exodus 20:18_
__
_"As specifically the name of the Covenant God, it was thereafter used
of the Israelite deity, often in contrast with the gods of other
peoples. With the Covenant, Yahweh had adopted Israel as his people
and, as a jealous god, demanded total allegiance from them. They were
to worship no other god but Yahweh. Much later, the Jewish exiles in
Babylon were given an explicit statement of Yahwistic monotheism. 'I
am Yahweh, and there is no other, there is no other god but me'
(Isaiah 45:5)."_
___________________________________________________________________

___- Robin Lane Fox, The Unauthorized Version_

___"The stories of this meeting are told in Exodus 19-34, chapters
which combine several different sources, laws and notions of God's
encounters with his people. They are a wonderful jungle, parts of
which are now dated, convincingly, by scholarly argument to the
seventh and sixth centuries BC."_
___________________________________________________________________

___- "[40]The Text: What is Its Age and Who Wrote It"_

___"The 'P' scribe is usually associated with the opening version of
the creation story (Genesis 1) as well as with the use of the term
Yahweh for God. He is also claimed to be the later of the two that is
to have drafted this version approximately around the 5th century
during the Babylonian exile. The 'J' scribe is usually viewed as the
author responsible for the earlier rendition of the story (Genesis
2,3,4) and to have drafted this account around 8th century BC. He is
also commonly associated with the scribe using the term Elohim for
God."_
___________________________________________________________________

___- The Israelites_

___"...When the Israelites came to worship their god under the name of
Yahweh...the term El as a name for 'god' survived only in the old
narrative about the patriarchs and in some literary forms, such as the
Psalms. In much the same way, the obsolete 'thee' and 'thou' survive
in modern liturgical usage and in poetry, although the words long ago
dropped out of spoken English."_
___________________________________________________________________

___- Christopher Knight & Robert Lomas, The Hiram Key: Pharaohs, Freemasons
and the Discovery of the Secret Scrolls of Jesus_

___"One of the earliest heroes from the time of the initial invasion
was the warrior Jerubbaal who later changed his name to Gideon. (His
original name was certainly Canaanite honoring the god Baal, which
probably illustrates that at the time Yahweh was not as entrenched as
the later authors of the Old Testament would like us to believe.)"_
__
_"For many, Yahweh was no more than the Israelite war god, useful in
time of battle but a fairly lowly figure when viewed against the full
pantheon of the gods. The names given to notable Israelites down the
ages whose a strong respect for Baal, and even the most ardent Yahwist
would not pretend that the Jews of this period believed in only one
god."_
___________________________________________________________________

___- Robin Lane Fox, The Unauthorized Version_

___"The servants of the king of Aram said to him, 'Their gods are gods
of the hills, and so they were stronger than we; but let us fight
against them in the plain, and surely we shall be stronger than
they.'"_
__
_- I Kings 20:23_
__
_"In Moab, the Number One was called Chemosh; in Israel, people looked
especially (but not solely) to Yahweh: it is most striking that Saul,
the first king, gave one of his sons a name after the god Baal and
that his other so, Jonathan did the same. From time to time Chemosh or
Yahweh might be angry with their worshippers, and, as a result (people
believed), their wars or weather could be unpredictable. To win
Chemosh or Yahweh's favor, they had to offer animals and pay worship
in their temples. Eventually, the gods' anger would moderate (in due
course people's fortunes improved, if only from bad to less bad), and
meanwhile the priests lived off the necessary offerings. All the
while, worshippers were realistic about death. At best there might be
a ghostly existence for a few people in an [41]underworld, but when
they died, they died for ever. Their bodies returned to earth which
nobody would judge or bring back to life."_
___________________________________________________________________

___- Oxford Companion to the Bible_

___"Beginning in the seventh and sixth centuries BCE, several
Israelite writers (especially Jeremiah, the Deuteronomist, and Second
Isaiah) explicitly rejected the notion that there were gods other that
Yahweh, and depicted the 'hosts of heaven' as a foreign intrusion in
Israelite monotheism."_
___________________________________________________________________

___Hyperlinks_

_____[42]Ancient Traditions of the Messiah_

_[43]Baal_

___[44]The Elohim_

___[45]The Exodus_

___[46]The Gospel of John_

_[47]Hebrew Peoples In Egypt_

_[48]Isis, the Black Virgin_

_[49]Joseph and Khufu_

_[50]The Kabbalah_

_[51]Masonic Beliefs and Practices_

_[52]Moses and the Egyptian Priesthood_

_[53]The Nephilim_

_[54]The Sacred Vessel_

_[55]Satan and the Forces of Chaos_

_[56]Sons of God_

_[57]The Tablets of Stone_

_[58]The Temple of Solomon_

_[59]The Theme of Paradise_
_____________________________________________________________________

_[60]Sign my Guest Book_
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[61]Home [62]Bible Generations [63]Bible search The Canaanite Gods
[64]My History book [65]King James Bible [66]Sumerian Tablets [67]Sons
of God, Watchers [68]Synod Dordrecht 

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