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   Tom Van Flandern, Astronomer, and author of Dark Matter, Missing
   Planets & New Comets.
     __________________________________________________________________

   AN ASTRONOMER'S ANALYSIS OF THE AKKADIAN SEAL
   by Tom Van Flandern

   Referring to Figure 101, p. 205 of Sitchin's "Twelfth Planet": a large
   star symbol is in the center. It is way too small in diameter relative
   to the planets; but we might overlook that as artist's license, if only
   the planets were shown to scale.
   Next we note that nine raised circular impressions ("orbs") surround
   the star in roughly a circle, located weaving in and out among the
   star's rays. However there is no obvious beginning or ending place
   along the circle. Nothing appears to mark the place where "Pluto" is
   followed by "Mercury". (Sitchin's arrow marker is not part of the
   original Seal.) Indeed, nothing identifies any of the orbs. Their
   identities must be guessed by inference. Two additional orbs appear
   farther out than the close circle of nine. Their relationship, if any,
   to the orbs in the inner circle is unclear.
   It was said that the third orb could be identified with the Earth
   because it was accompanied by another orb which represented our Moon.
   This is far from obvious. First, there is nothing whatever to suggest
   that the orb at about one o'clock is the "third" in any sequence. Next,
   its diameter is distinctly smaller than the diameter of the next
   clockwise orb, which the text associates with Venus. Venus and Earth
   should be about the same size, or Earth slightly larger; but the Seal
   as interpreted has it the other way around.
   The orb associated with the Moon is one of the two outer orbs, and the
   smallest overall. Although it is about the right size relative to the
   Earth (1/4), it's association with the Earth is not obvious, since its
   spacing from the Earth-orb is about the same as the spacing between any
   of the orbs. Specifically, it is farther from the Earth-orb than the
   Mercury-orb is from the Venus-orb. If the outer orbs are supposed to be
   moons, then "Mercury's" presence there would suggest that it was a moon
   of Venus. That might be acceptable, because there is some evidence that
   Mercury did start out that way billions of years ago. But in saying
   that I am clearly stretching to accommodate the depiction. Tighter
   logic would dictate that a Mercury-orb farther from the Sun than a
   Venus-orb, yet closer to the Venus-orb than the Moon-orb was to the
   Earth-orb, was simply incorrect in both respects.
   Things do not improve after that. The Mars-orb is too large in diameter
   relative to both Venus and Earth: it should be half of Earth's
   diameter. Then we come to the three largest orbs more or less in a
   line, each progressively larger than the last. Associating Nibiru with
   the first of these is easy, since the solar system has a gap filled
   with asteroids there; so any orb whatever could be argued to be the
   missing parent of the asteroids. But we do not have that kind of
   freedom with the solar system's two giant planets. Jupiter is larger
   than Saturn in reality, but the reverse is true of the orbs. Moreover
   the relative sizes are way off. Jupiter should be over ten times the
   diameter of the Earth.
   Both Jupiter and Saturn have other identifiers as well. Between them
   they have several of the solar system's largest moons. And Saturn has
   rings, arguably the most distinctive feature of any planet. But nothing
   whatever appears to support the association of these two orbs with the
   giant planets we know. The relative sizes are wrong with respect to the
   other planets and with respect to each other; and no moons or rings are
   suggested.
   It doesn't get any better, because next we have an orb which does not
   correspond to anything known in the solar system, in a location which
   would be unstable for anything to form. Moreover the association of
   anything with Pluto is questionable, since Pluto would remain unknown
   even to advanced interstellar visitors, unless they carefully scanned
   the skies checking every tiny spot of light among hundreds of millions
   of brighter star images.
   This is true even for advanced interstellar travelers. The volume
   enclosed by Pluto's orbit is so vast that the galaxy's 200,000,000,000
   stars could be placed inside its orbit without touching! Pluto is
   smaller than many solar system moons (including our own), and in any
   case is a "double" object, since its moon Charon is fully half its
   diameter and relatively close. Pluto's orbit crosses Neptune's; and
   there is good reason to suspect that Pluto & Charon are escaped moons
   of Neptune, not true planets. Nothing about the Pluto-orb suggests an
   identification with Pluto. It is merely that both are "left over" after
   discussions of the eight major planets are done.
   An association of the stray orb with asteroid or possible comet Chiron
   (not to be confused with Pluto's moon Charon), which is in an unstable
   orbit between Saturn and Uranus, would be easier to support than the
   Pluto identification. But from its relative size and spacing, why not
   associate this orb with Titan, Saturn's largest moon and the largest
   moon in the solar system? It seems as entitled to that status as is the
   orb associated with the Earth's moon. The non-uniqueness of any of the
   associations is plainly evident.
   The orbs associated with Uranus and Neptune look about equally large,
   and are intermediate in size. That is as much as one can say for them,
   since the sizes relative to inner or other outer planets are not
   correct; and the next object around the circle is the Venus-orb.
   In summary, the Seal does not, by itself, suggest anything more to an
   astronomer than an artistic rendition of a star surrounded by planets.
   There are simply no instances where consecutive identifications of orbs
   with real planets support one another. Each must be argued ad hoc, and
   each is problematic.
   Given the lack of easy recognition of familiar solar system bodies, the
   extension to unfamiliar ones (based on the Seal alone) must be regarded
   as an act of pure faith. Perhaps the Akkadian Seal depicts some other
   planetary system around some other star; but it seems most unlikely to
   refer to our own solar system.
     * Meta Research -- On The Origin And Nature Of Celestial Bodies
     __________________________________________________________________

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